through all the major programming techniques. For each topic there is a combination of discussion, sample C code, and drawings. Audience This document can be used as an introduction to pointers for someone with basic programming experience. Alternately, it can be used to review and to fill in gaps for someone with a partial understanding of …..

Basic Pointers Pointers — Before and After There’s a lot of nice, tidy code you can write without knowing about pointers. But once you learn to use the power of pointers, you can never go back. There are too many things that can only be done with pointers. But with increased power comes increased responsibility. Pointers allow new and more ugly types of bugs, and pointer bugs can crash in random ways which makes them more difficult to debug. Nonetheless, even with their problems, pointers are an irresistibly powerful programming construct. (The following explanation uses the C language syntax where a syntax is required; there is a discussion of Java at the section.) Why Have Pointers? Pointers solve two common software problems. First, pointers allow different sections of code to share information easily. You can get the same effect by copying information back and forth, but pointers solve the problem better. Second, pointers enable complex “linked” data structures like linked lists and binary trees…..

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